Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in 
Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi 
State, Nigeria

James Tolulope Olayemi; Nnena Ogbonnaya; Dago Muh’d. Maigemu; Peace Ifeoluwa Ikuforiji; Basiru
Shehu; Babayemi Afolabi Wasiu

2025, Vol: 5, Issue: 1

5 / 1Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Research Article
Online Published: 23 Jan 2026

SJACR. 2025; 5(1): 1-6

Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria

James Tolulope Olayemi, Nnena Ogbonnaya, Dago Muh’d. Maigemu, Peace Ifeoluwa Ikuforiji, Basiru Shehu, Babayemi Afolabi Wasiu.

Abstract
Hypertension is a leading chronic disease in Nigeria, where poor access to care and limited adherence undermine
health outcomes. Telemedicine has been proposed as a strategy to strengthen diagnosis, adherence, and continuity
of care. A structured questionnaire was administered to hypertensive adults in Kebbi State. Logistic regression
was used to examine the influence of awareness on telemedicine adoption and the relationship between perceived
effectiveness and reported outcomes. Hierarchical log-linear modeling (HLLM) was applied to explore
categorical associations among diagnosis status, duration since diagnosis, and current medication use. Awareness
strongly predicted telemedicine usage (Nagelkerke R²=0.824, overall classification accuracy=88%). Patients
rating telemedicine as “very effective” were more than four times as likely to report positive outcomes compared
with those rating it “ineffective” (OR=4.23, 95% CI: 1.63–10.9). HLLM results showed significant main effects
for diagnosis status, duration, and medication use, but only the Diagnosis×Medications interaction was significant
(χ²(5)=65.55, p<0.001). The reduced model (main effects + Diagnosis×Medications) provided excellent fit (LR-
χ²(33)=21.40, p=0.94). Telemedicine adoption depends strongly on awareness, while patients’ perceptions of
effectiveness align with reported outcomes. Structural associations confirm that diagnosis is central to adherence,
whereas illness duration has limited influence. Telemedicine should be integrated into systems that reinforce early
diagnosis andmedication adherence.

Key words: Hypertension, Telemedicine, Awareness, Logistic Regression, Hierarchical Log-Linear Modeling

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Olayemi JT, Ogbonnaya N, Maigemu DM, Ikuforiji PI, Shehu B, Wasiu BA. Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria. SJACR. 2025; 5(1): 1-6.

Web Style

Olayemi JT, Ogbonnaya N, Maigemu DM, Ikuforiji PI, Shehu B, Wasiu BA. Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria. https://www.sjacrksusta.com/?mno=307855 [Access: January 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Olayemi JT, Ogbonnaya N, Maigemu DM, Ikuforiji PI, Shehu B, Wasiu BA. Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria. SJACR. 2025; 5(1): 1-6.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Harvard Style

Olayemi, J. T., Ogbonnaya, . N., Maigemu, . D. M., Ikuforiji, . P. I., Shehu, . B. & Wasiu, . B. A. (2025) Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria. SJACR, 5 (1), 1-6.

Turabian Style

Olayemi, James Tolulope, Nnena Ogbonnaya, Dago Muh'd. Maigemu, Peace Ifeoluwa Ikuforiji, Basiru Shehu, and Babayemi Afolabi Wasiu. 2025. Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research, 5 (1), 1-6.

Chicago Style

Olayemi, James Tolulope, Nnena Ogbonnaya, Dago Muh'd. Maigemu, Peace Ifeoluwa Ikuforiji, Basiru Shehu, and Babayemi Afolabi Wasiu. "Awareness, Perceived Effectiveness and Structural Associations in Telemedicine-Based Hypertension Management: Evidence from Kebbi State, Nigeria." Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research 5 (2025), 1-6.

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

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