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2026, Vol: 6, Issue: 1
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Research Article
Online Published: 07 May 2026
 


Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State

Abiodun Stephen Moses.


Abstract
Empirical radio propagation models cannot be generalised for all environments and localities because they are based on statistical analysis. Empirical models cannot account for the peculiarities of all environments and their climates, though there are several empirical propagation models. This research work adapted some of these empirical propagation models and determined the most suitable for Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. The following models were modified: Free space, Hata, ITU-R and Ericcson models to suit Lokoja town. A digital terrestrial television signal from StarTimes station, Lokoja was used as the signal source with frequency of 490 MHz. The signal strength of the digitised television signal was taken along three major routes, with the transmitting television station in focus, using a digital signal strength meter and the corresponding line of sight distance to each measurement was taken using a global positioning system (GPS). The results obtained from the data computation and analysis showed that the generalised Free-space model gave a more accurate path-loss prediction in Lokoja with Mean Prediction Error (MPE) of 32.13 dB (used as the correction factor) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.11 dB.

Key words: path loss, propagation model, signal attenuation, signal level, radio wave


 
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Pubmed Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. SJACR. 2026; 6(1): 1-8.

Web Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. https://www.sjacrksusta.com/?mno=320001 [Access: May 07, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. SJACR. 2026; 6(1): 1-8.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. SJACR. (2026), [cited May 07, 2026]; 6(1): 1-8.


Harvard Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses (2026) Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. SJACR, 6 (1), 1-8.


Turabian Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. 2026. Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research, 6 (1), 1-8.


Chicago Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. "Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State." Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research 6 (2026), 1-8.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses. "Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State." Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research 6.1 (2026), 1-8. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abiodun Stephen Moses (2026) Empirical Path-Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast in UHF Band in Lokoja, Kogi State. Science Journal of Advanced and Cognitive Research, 6 (1), 1-8.


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